C. Weiss results 144
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Ontogenetic Sequence of Differential Gene Expression in Predator‐Induced Daphnia pulexNARA Subscribed
In response to predators, many Daphnia species develop inducible morphological defenses. These traits are phenotypically plastic, meaning their production is suppressed in the absence of the predator. While previous studies have identified several neurohumoral factors and candidate genes involved in the development of the defenses, the involvement of specific genes and factors remains uncertain, and minimal information is avai...
Using Drone‐Derived Imagery to Describe Prey Sharing Behaviors in Two Piscivorous Resident Killer Whale PopulationsNARA Subscribed
Cooperative foraging occurs across diverse taxa and facilitates prey acquisition and social learning, particularly when prey is shared among group members. In Resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ater ), prey sharing is central to how individuals acquire salmonid prey, yet current research has relied primarily on boat‐based observations. Using 10 years of drone‐based imagery, we examined prey sharing behaviors in two populati...
Rifabutin boosts rifampicin accumulation in THP-1-derived M2 macrophages by inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux activityNARA Subscribed
M2 macrophages show higher efflux activity of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter and lower rifampicin uptake than M1 macrophages. Accordingly, in M2 macrophages rifampicin accumulation should be restored by potent P-gp inhibitors such as rifabutin. THP-1 cells were differentiated (200 nM phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate for 72 h) and polarized (20 ng/mL interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 for 48 h) to M2 macrophages. P-gp...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
THP-1-derived polarized macrophages differ by drug transporter transcriptomics, P-glycoprotein activity and rifampicin uptake kineticsNARA Subscribed
Inferior efficacy of antibiotics (e.g. rifampicin) in M2 macrophage-dominant tuberculosis granuloma might be related to poor drug uptake into these cells, potentially mediated by altered expression and activity of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1 ). Consequently, THP-1 cells were differentiated (200 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; 72 h) and polarized to M1 (50 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide, 20 ng...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Daphnia are well known for their ability to protect themselves against various predators by developing inducible morphological, behavioural and life history defences. The influence of body size as a life history trait on behavioural defences has rarely been investigated, although it may be a decisive trait for the evolution of defensive strategies. Therefore, we investigated the behavioural reaction of the relatively small spe...
Fish predation cues induce drifting and emergence in an experimental stream mesocosm systemNARA Subscribed
Predator–prey interactions are important drivers of adaptation in aquatic communities, shaping the behavior of invertebrates with cascading effects on community dynamics. Behavioral responses, such as moving with the downstream current (drift) or altering the timing of emergence, are strategies that reduce the risk of predator encounters. These prey responses have been extensively studied over the last decades. However, much o...
Ecological and Anthropogenic Drivers of Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) Abundance and Site Use Across the Contiguous USANARA Subscribed
Aim Understanding species abundance and distribution is fundamental for conservation, particularly for widespread animals that influence ecosystem health and processes. Red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) are the most widely distributed mammalian carnivore globally, and provide many ecosystem services while also being a potential source of human‐wildlife conflict. Determining drivers of red fox distributions is therefore important for...
Cross‐Continental Analysis Shows That Disturbance Effects on Reptile Body Condition Do Not Predict Abundance ResponsesNARA Subscribed
Ecological disturbances are discrete events that alter or transform the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of ecosystems. Disturbance can cause animal populations to decline and, according to the risk‐disturbance hypothesis and population collapse framework, these declines can be predicted by declines in animal body condition. However, no research has empirically examined the general relationship between body co...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Understanding Myeloma-Related Information Needs and Communication Preferences Within Black American Communities: An Exploratory StudyNARA Subscribed
Myeloma is the third most common blood cancer and one of the most complex and expensive cancers to treat. Black Americans face health disparities related to myeloma incidence, age at diagnosis, access to novel treatments, and mortality. To help reduce health disparities among Black Americans through education and outreach, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society has implemented its Myeloma Link initiative. In 2022, a formative, qualit...
A Transcriptomic Comparative Study of Cranial VasculatureNARA Subscribed
Wind dispersed tree species have greater maximum heightNARA Subscribed
Aim We test the hypothesis that wind dispersal is more common among emergent tree species given that being tall increases the likelihood of effective seed dispersal. Location Americas, Africa and the Asia‐Pacific. Time period 1970–2020. Major taxa studied Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Methods We used a dataset consisting of tree inventories from 2821 plots across three biogeographic regions (Americas, Africa and Asia‐Pacific),...
Assessment of mercury concentrations in fur, liver, and brain tissue from necropsied southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis )NARA Subscribed
Southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) are a federally listed threatened keystone species of the California kelp forest ecosystem and a sentinel species, indicating environmental health. Mercury (Hg) is a bioaccumulative neurotoxin that poses a threat to high trophic‐level species such as marine mammals. We quantified total Hg (THg) concentrations in fur, brain, and liver tissues of necropsied southern sea otters ( n =...