Purpose Patients receiving antiresorptive therapy for cancer bone metastases/lesions or osteoporosis may develop osteonecrosis of the jaw. The pathogenesis remains unclear, but the condition has been associated with Actinomyces , co-pathogens, and pro-inflammatory activity. However, there are limited studies comparing these factors between medication-related osteonecrosis and non-medication-related osteonecrosis. Methods This...