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The problem of species packing, i.e. how many species a local community can sustain, has long been central to ecology. One approach, pioneered by Robert May and with many later updates, used random matrix theory to link complexity and stability in model communities, showing that beyond a critical threshold of species richness, linear stability is lost. A contrasting paradigm views local diversity as a dynamic equilibrium betwe...
Irrigation mitigates wheat yield loss by pests and diseases under global change across ChinaNARA Subscribed
Ensuring future food security represents a significant challenge for humanity. Wheat pests and diseases are emerging threats to global food security. However, the key factors contributing to the uneven distribution of pests and diseases remain largely unknown due to insufficient observational data from major crop-producing regions. Here, on the basis of a unique historical dataset with more than 600 statistical records, we fou...
Drivers of compositional turnover of the non-native urban flora in the Western Cape, South AfricaNARA Subscribed
Interest in understanding the drivers of biological invasions in urban centres is increasing globally. Previous research focused primarily on the drivers of non-native species richness in urban centres (i.e. why some cities harbour more species than others) and there has been much less focus on compositional turnover (i.e. why different cities harbour different species). Exploring compositional turnover between urban centres c...
Genomic Evidence for Dual Introductions, Limited Gene Flow and Niche Preferences in the Invasive Wasp Vespula germanica in South AfricaNARA Subscribed
Biological invasions are major drivers of recent biodiversity changes, yet the genetic structure and ecological mechanisms underlying invasion dynamics remain poorly resolved in invasive social insects. In South Africa, the European wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), introduced in the 1970s, has spread remarkably more slowly than in other regions and its geographical distribution in the country remains limited. Al...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a crucial conservation strategy in response to anthropogenic threats impacting the world’s oceans. However, some MPAs have conflicting goals that compromise conservation effectiveness. To guide future MPA development, the conservation value of current MPAs need to be accurately quantify using diversity metrics, such as species richness and rarity. This study focused on the demersal sof...
The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) hosts substantial marine biodiversity, which is better known from inshore and coastal hab- itats. The diversity from soft sediments of the shelf and slope is much less known regionally, which was the premise for the WIO-Benth Project. Existing seabed information and bottom trawl catch data were compiled for five countries (Kenya, Tanza- nia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Madagascar), to character...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a crucial conservation strategy in response to anthropogenic threats impacting the world’s oceans. However, some MPAs have conflicting goals that compromise conservation effectiveness. To guide future MPA development, the conservation value of current MPAs need to be accurately quantify using diversity metrics, such as species richness and rarity. This study focused on the demersal sof...
The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) hosts substantial marine biodiversity, which is better known from inshore and coastal hab- itats. The diversity from soft sediments of the shelf and slope is much less known regionally, which was the premise for the WIO-Benth Project. Existing seabed information and bottom trawl catch data were compiled for five countries (Kenya, Tanza- nia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Madagascar), to character...
Thermal reaction norms depict how temperature influences biological performances, thus also known as thermal performance curves (TPCs). Arguably, the interplay of the thermal environment and the TPC can shape the strength of natural selection, thereby driving the long-term evolution of the TPC. We develop a Lotka-Volterra model, using adaptive dynamics (AD), to investigate how constant versus periodically fluctuating environme...
Positive Feedback on Climate Warming by Stream Microbial Decomposers Indicated by a Global Space‐For‐Time Substitution StudyNARA Subscribed
Decomposition of plant litter is a key ecological process in streams, whose contribution to the global carbon cycle is large relative to their extent on Earth. We examined the mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity (TS) of instream decomposition and forecast effects of climate warming on this process. Comparing data from 41 globally distributed sites, we assessed the TS of microbial and total decomposition using lit...
Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threatsNARA Subscribed
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree...
Mean landscape‐scale incidence of species in discrete habitats is patch size dependentNARA Subscribed
Aim A pervasive negative relationship between the species richness of an assemblage and the mean global range size of the species it contains has recently been identified. Here, we test for an effect of habitat patch size on the mean landscape‐scale incidence (estimating local range size) of constituent species independent of variation in richness. Location Global. Time Period Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied Various. Methods...