The double haploid (DH) technique in maize ( Zea mays L.) relies on in vivo haploid induction, in which the identification of haploid seeds and seedlings represents a critical step in this technique that determines the efficiency of DH line production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of endosperm texture, donor genotype, and inducer on putative haploid rates based on the R1-navajo ( R1-nj ) marker and the use of guard...