Sexual reproduction in plants is a tightly coordinated process that underpins biodiversity, drives speciation, and serves as a foundation for modern crop improvement. Here, we synthesize recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing major reproductive events in flowering plants, including male and female gametogenesis, pollen-pistil communication, double fertilization, embryogenesis, and endosperm-mediated...

High sensitivity and rapid closure of wheat stomata to environmental stimuli make it difficult and inconvenient when investigating stomatal physiology and morphology using epidermal peels. This is due to inevitable mechanical stress to stomatal guard cells when separating epidermis from mesophyll cells, which induced a vast majority of stomatal closure in wheat. Stomata are more open and active in detached leaves than in epide...