Sexual reproduction in plants is a tightly coordinated process that underpins biodiversity, drives speciation, and serves as a foundation for modern crop improvement. Here, we synthesize recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing major reproductive events in flowering plants, including male and female gametogenesis, pollen-pistil communication, double fertilization, embryogenesis, and endosperm-mediated...

The Oligocene–Miocene transition was characterized by major reorganizations in global climate and ocean circulation, yet their expression in low-latitude upper-ocean structure remains incompletely resolved. Here we present paired stable isotope and Mg/Ca-derived temperature records from planktic foraminiferal surface-dwelling Globoturborotalita brazieri and thermocline-dwelling Paragloborotalia siakensis at IODP Site U1501 in...