Improving our understanding of the effects of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) on raisin quality and yield is essential for developing innovative approaches in viticulture. However, knowledge about how N-GQDs applications during grape development and ripening stages influence raisin characteristics remains limited. We investigated the effects of three repeated treatments of 0 (Control), 0.10 and 0.25 g L⁻¹ N-GQDs...