This study examines the characteristics and trends of heavy rain events (hourly rainfall ≥ 30 mm) in Hong Kong from 2000 to 2024, with a focus on short‐duration events (1–3 h) in wet season (April–October), using a homogenised dataset from 114 automatic rain gauges. While longer‐duration (> 3 h) events tend to be more widespread, short‐duration events are highly localised with 60% confined to one or two small ‘zones’, leading...

Microbeads are small spherical plastic particles used as exfoliants in personal care products. Unfortunately, they have been found in the marine environment and are considered a significant contributor to global plastic pollution. In response, several countries have implemented microbead bans over the last few years. Here, we examined the exfoliant (scrubbing particles) composition of 28 facial scrubs from different regions in...

This study proposes a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller design and tuning method based on a simple pole placement approach to enhance servo and regulatory performance while ensuring the stability of diesel engines. In the modeling of the control target, the actuator is analytically modeled. In contrast, the type of model for the diesel engine is derived analytically, and its parameter estimation uses operational data from n...