Aim Energy availability is often assumed to be a primary driver of variation in biodiversity across large‐scale environmental gradients such as elevation, but support for the role of energetic constraints is far from universal. Here, we assume that these variations in energy–richness relationships might arise from the degree of match between the scale of the response of organisms to energy (response scale) and the scale of the...

Aim Drought reduces plant growth and hastens the process of leaf senescence in autumn. Concurrently, increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations likely amplifies photosynthetic activity while increasing plant water‐use efficiency. However, how drought affects the date of leaf senescence (DLS) and whether elevated CO 2 can alleviate this remain unknown. Here, we explore the effect of drought on DLS under recent climate change an...

Climate warming is projected to affect hydrological cycle in forest ecosystems and makes the forest–water relationship more controversial. Currently, planted forests are gaining more public attention due to their role in carbon sequestration and wood production relative to natural forests. However, little is known about how the global patterns and drivers of water yield and water‐use efficiency (WUE) differ between planted and...

The fraction of net primary productivity (NPP) allocated to belowground organs ( f BNPP ) in grasslands is a critical parameter in global carbon cycle models; moreover, understanding the effect of precipitation changes on this parameter is vital to accurately estimating carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. However, how f BNPP responds to temporal precipitation changes along a gradient from extreme drought to extreme w...

Nowadays, a chip-scale Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is ubiquitous in smartphones. In a smartphone GNSS receiver, the least square (LS) or Kalman Filter (KF) is implemented to estimate the position. With the aim to improve the smartphone GNSS position accuracy, we propose a position-smoothing method considering more historical information than the traditional methods, i.e., LS and KF. More past states are...