Symbioses between invertebrates and chemosynthetic bacteria are of fundamental importance in deep‐sea ecosystems, but the mechanisms that enable their symbiont associations are still largely undescribed, owing to the culturable difficulties of deep‐sea lives. Bathymodiolinae mussels are remarkable in their ability to overcome decompression and can be maintained successfully for an extended period under atmospheric pressure, th...

Characterizing habitats and species distribution is important to understand the structure and function of cold seep ecosystems. This paper develops a deep learning model for the fast and accurate recognition and classification of substrates and the dominant associated species in cold seeps. Considering the dense distribution of the dominant associated species and small objects caused by overlap in cold seeps, the feature pyram...

Speciation by host shift is a common phenomenon observed in many symbiotic animals. The symbiont–host interaction is highly dynamic, but it is poorly documented in the marine realm. In the present study, we examined the genetic and morphological differentiation of the coral barnacle Wanella milleporae (obligate to fire corals) collected from four different Millepora host species in Taiwan to investigate the host specificity of...