Microplastics are regarded as ubiquitous pollutants in the ocean and have attracted worldwide concerns. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), one of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is commonly detected in marine environment. Once coexisted, the microplastics and B[a]P may interact with each other and result in combined toxicity to organisms, and these remain to be systematically elucidated. Thus, this study aims to investig...

The permafrost organic carbon ( OC ) stock is of global significance because of its large pool size and the potential positive feedback to climate warming. However, due to the lack of systematic field observations and appropriate upscaling methodologies, substantial uncertainties exist in the permafrost OC budget, which limits our understanding of the fate of frozen carbon in a warming world. In particular, the lack of compreh...