Underwater image super-resolution plays an important role in marine exploration, as it aims to recover clearer and higher-resolution images from degraded low-resolution observations. However, in underwater environments, this task is particularly challenging due to non-uniform spectral attenuation and particle scattering. Underwater, red light fades quickly, leading to color distortion and loss of details. To address this while...

Allopatric speciation is a widely accepted hypothesis for species distributed across geographic barriers. Meanwhile, niche conservatism, the tendency of species to retain their ancestral ecological traits, helps reinforce genetic differentiation by stabilising species distributions over time and reducing the role of competition in shaping range boundaries. In contrast, hybridisation can occur at the edges of distribution after...