In most animals, excess dietary energy is stored as lipids in specialized tissues, such as the liver in vertebrates or the hepatopancreas and fat body in invertebrates, which function as energy reservoirs for reproduction. In cephalopods, however, dietary energy is rapidly mobilized from the digestive gland for growth rather than stored for reproduction. How excess energy is allocated for reproduction activity in cephalopods r...

The bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana , are a valuable commercial species in East Asian regions such as Taiwan and Japan. A lack of genomic information limits the application of potential aquaculture techniques, especially in breeding when considering the hatching rate of offspring. In some squids and cuttlefishes, symbiotic bacteria are transmitted from the accessory nidamental gland (ANG) to the jelly coat of eggs....

Some cephalopods carry microorganisms in two specialized organs, the light organ and the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). For the light organ, comprehensive mechanisms have been described for winnowing (bacterial selection) and maintenance of the symbiotic luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri ( V. fischeri ). However, the mechanisms controlling bacterial selection and maintenance during bacterial colonization of the ANG are...