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Bottom‐tow gear fisheries (trawls and dredges) produce ~24 million mt of harvest annually, representing a globally important animal‐sourced food system. While many are currently sustainably managed, growing concern over the potential for ecosystem impacts from bottom‐tow gears has increased pressure to improve these fisheries. We assembled an international working group of > 30 contributors, including fishing industry particip...
Unexpected population crashes are an important feature of natural systems, yet many observed crashes have not been explained. Two difficulties in explaining population crashes are their relative rarity and the multi‐causal nature of ecological systems. We approach this issue with experimental microcosms, with large numbers of replicates of red flour beetle populations ( Tribolium castaneum ). We determined that population cras...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
The Path to an Ecosystem Approach for Forage Fish Management: A Case Study of Atlantic MenhadenOA Marine
Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first...
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Modelling broad‐scale wolverine occupancy in a remote boreal region using multi‐year aerial survey dataNARA Subscribed
Aim We used data from aerial surveys of wolverine tracks collected in seven winters over a 10‐year period (2003–2012) within a 574,287 km 2 study area to evaluate the broad‐scale pattern of wolverine occurrence across a remote northern boreal forest region, identifying areas of high and low occupancy. Location Northern Ontario, Canada. Taxon Wolverine ( Gulo gulo Linnaeus, 1758). Methods We collected wolverine tracks and obser...
The dramatic decline in elm ( Ulmus ) across a large swathe of north‐west Europe in the mid‐Holocene has been ascribed to a number of possible factors, including climate change, human activity and/or pathogens. A major limitation for identifying the underlying cause(s) has been the limited number of high‐resolution records with robust geochronological frameworks. Here, we report a multiproxy study of an upland (Blea Tarn) and...
The effect of temperature, gradient, and load carriage on oxygen consumption, posture, and gait characteristicsNARA Subscribed
Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of load carriage in a range of temperatures to establish the interaction between cold exposure, the magnitude of change from unloaded to loaded walking and gradient. Methods Eleven participants (19–27 years) provided written informed consent before performing six randomly ordered walking trials in six temperatures (20, 10, 5, 0, −5, and −10 °C). Trials involved...
Noble gases fingerprint a metasedimentary fluid source in the Macraes orogenic gold deposit, New ZealandNARA Subscribed
The world-class Macraes orogenic gold deposit (∼10 Moz resource) formed during the late metamorphic uplift of a metasedimentary schist belt in southern New Zealand. Mineralising fluids, metals and metalloids were derived from within the metasedimentary host. Helium and argon extracted from fluid inclusions in sulphide mineral grains (three crush extractions from one sample) have crustal signatures, with no evidence for mantle...
Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitatsNARA Subscribed
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken wit...
Ecological niche theory holds that species distributions are shaped by a large and complex suite of interacting factors. Species distribution models ( SDM s) are increasingly used to describe species’ niches and predict the effects of future environmental change, including climate change. Currently, SDM s often fail to capture the complexity of species’ niches, resulting in predictions that are generally limited to climate‐occ...
Quantifying the dominance of local control and the sources of regional control in the assembly of a metacommunityNARA Subscribed
To understand the relative roles of local and regional processes in structuring local communities, and to compare sources of dispersal, we studied plant species composition in the context of a field experiment in vernal pool community assembly. In 1999, we constructed 256 vernal pools in a grid surrounding a group of over 60 naturally occurring reference pools. Each constructed pool received a seeding or control treatment. See...
Community assembly theory asserts that the contemporary composition of ecological communities may depend critically on events that occur during the formation of the community; a phenomenon termed “historical contingence.” We tested key aspects of this theory using plant communities in over 200 experimentally created vernal pools at a field site in central California, USA. The experiment was initiated in 1999 with construction...