Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) haploinsufficiency is an inborn error of immunity characterized by immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and an increased risk of malignancy. While susceptibility to oncogenic viral infections has been proposed, the relationship between CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency and human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven carcinogenesis remains poorly characterized. We describe...

Cold-water corals form complex three-dimensional structures on the seafloor, providing habitat for numerous species, and act as a carbon cycling hotspot in the deep-sea. The distribution of these important ecosystems is often predicted by statistical habitat suitability models, using variables such as terrain characteristics, temperature, salinity, and surface productivity. While useful, these models do not provide a mechanist...

Seamounts are underwater mountains with unique hydrodynamic properties that play a major role in supporting marine biodiversity and biological productivity. We explore how physical data, marine megafauna tracking, environmental parameters, and fisheries information can improve our understanding of these complex ecosystems. Abundant seabird tracking data from the Cabo Verde and Azores archipelagos make ideal case studies for ex...

Seamounts are among the most common physiographic systems in the global deep ocean, defining habitat for a hugely diverse biome. Great Meteor Seamount is located in the subtropical Northeast Atlantic and is considered one of the largest seamounts worldwide. Despite its remoteness, it remains one of the few seamounts globally with a long research history dating back more than 50 years. In this study, we aim to review the recent...

Internal tides are known to be an important source of mixing in the oceans, especially in the bottom boundary layer. The depth of internal-tide generation therefore seems important for benthic life and the formation of cold-water coral mounds, but internal-tide conversion is generally investigated in a depth-integrated sense. Using both idealized and realistic simulations on continental slopes, we found that the depth of inter...

Coastal zones are among the most variable environments. As such, they require adaptive water management to ensure the balance of economic and social interests with environmental concerns. High quality marine data of hydrographic conditions e.g., sea level, temperature, salinity, and currents are needed to provide a sound foundation for the decision making process. Operational models with sufficiently high forecasting quality a...