Ocean surface radiation measurement best practices have been developed as a first step to support the interoperability of radiation measurements across multiple ocean platforms and between land and ocean networks. This document describes the consensus by a working group of radiation measurement experts from land, ocean, and aircraft communities. The scope was limited to broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (terrestrial inf...

The past decade has seen significant technological advance in the observation of trace gas fluxes over the open ocean, most notably CO 2 , but also an impressive list of other gases. Here we will emphasize flux observations from the air-side of the interface including both turbulent covariance (direct) and surface-layer similarity-based (indirect) bulk transfer velocity methods. Most applications of direct covariance observati...

The air-sea gas transfer velocity ( K 660 ) is typically assessed as a function of the 10-m neutral wind speed ( U 10n ), but there remains substantial uncertainty in this relationship. Here K 660 of CO 2 derived with the eddy covariance (EC) technique from eight datasets (11 research cruises) are reevaluated with consistent consideration of solubility and Schmidt number and inclusion of the ocean cool skin effect. K 660 shows...