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Predator-prey relationships on islands are often profoundly altered by invasive species. Brown skuas Catharacta antarctica are predator-scavengers at sub-Antarctic islands, where their population dynamics are linked to food availability. On Marion Island, skua population size and breeding distribution appear to have shifted in response to changes in burrowing petrel populations, which were severely impacted by feral cat Felis...
Robust estimates of the magnitude of protected species bycatch are essential for effective fisheries management and marine conservation. Existing bycatch estimation methods typically struggle to accurately and precisely estimate the bycatch of rare species as a result of the statistical assumptions necessary to overcome infrequent encounters and, often, low observer coverage. We compared the widely used Horvitz–Thompson design...
Rationale Cannabis use continues to increase globally, with a growing proportion of users exhibiting problematic patterns of use. Although neural differences in reward and inhibitory control systems are commonly reported in individuals who use cannabis relative to individuals not reporting cannabis use, findings using behavioural tasks are inconsistent. This is possibly due to lack of differentiation between regular and more p...
Turbidity and streamflow as real-time indicators of microbial risk for aquatic recreatorsNARA Subscribed
Aquatic recreation is a popular pastime, but recreators often incur the risk of acquiring illnesses through exposure to waterborne pathogens. Several standards advise stakeholders on a waterbody’s recreational suitability using indicator bacteria concentrations. However, quantifying indicator organisms often takes several hours or days, resulting in a lack of real-time information. Microbe concentrations can also fluctuate dra...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Ten questions on indoor greening and environmental qualityNARA Subscribed
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the buildup of extracellular aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, following sequential enzymatic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, along with intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins and subsequent neuronal loss. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying Aβ and Tau-mediated neurodegeneration remain elusive. Inhibiting protein aggregation...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...