Terrestrial net primary productivity ( NPP ) is an important metric of ecosystem functioning; however, there are little empirical data on the NPP of human‐modified ecosystems, particularly smallholder, perennial crops like cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ), which are extensive across the tropics. Human‐appropriated NPP ( HANPP ) is a measure of the proportion of a natural system's NPP that has either been reduced through land‐use chan...