We have previously shown that lyophilized mixtures of six- and twelve-melanoma peptide vaccines retain stability, purity, and amino acid sequence identity for up to five years when stored at -80 °C. However, this temperature requirement presents a significant obstacle to storage and distribution of vaccines for low-resource environments. Thus, we examined the stability of these peptides over a range of temperatures for varying...

Understanding the respiratory modes of sharks has important implications for studying the metabolism, energetics, and behavioral strategies of different species. Here we provide the first reported observations of resting behavior in the gray reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos , a species typically considered an obligate ram ventilator. Observations were made at several locations in the Republic of Seychelles, where sharks w...

Models of ecological response to multiple stressors and of the consequences for ecosystem services (ES) delivery are scarce. This paper describes a methodology for constructing a BBN combining catchment and water quality model output, data, and expert knowledge that can support the integration of ES into water resources management. It proposes “small group” workshop methods for elucidating expert knowledge and analyses the are...