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Exposure to chemical pollutants can alter the rate and genome‐wide distribution of germline mutations. However, studies measuring the effects of chemical exposure on mutation rates and spectra have not considered the ecological and evolutionary backgrounds of the studied genotypes, which could influence the rates and patterns of germline mutations in altered environments, for example, chemical pollution. Utilising a study of n...
Ontogeny and Sociobiological factors affecting behavior and its repeatability in captive-bred Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)NARA Subscribed
Understanding how behavioral variation emerges during early development is essential for interpreting individual differences and their ecological relevance. Early-life behavioral development can involve substantial individual variation shaped by biological and social contexts, resulting in differing levels of repeatability across behaviors. In captive-breeding programs, identifying these developmental patterns and their causes...
Introduction Peripheral arterial stiffness measured with pulse wave velocity (PWV) is reduced 5-min after an acute bout of dynamic exercise. The mechanism for the reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness is unknown. We hypothesized that increased blood flow and compression of the vasculature are potential mechanisms involved in post-exercise reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness. Methods Brachial-radial PWV was measured...
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Speed of Thought and Speed of Feet: Examining Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise and Physical Performance in an English Football AcademyNARA Subscribed
The world’s greatest professional football players are able to execute effective tactical decisions as well as fulfil various physical demands. However, the degree to which both are associated with greater potential in a football academy is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate decision-making skill and physical performance as contributing factors to coach potential rankings in an English football academ...
Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate changeNARA Subscribed
Climate change is altering conditions in high‐elevation streams worldwide, with largely unknown effects on resident communities of aquatic insects. Here, we review the challenges of climate change for high‐elevation aquatic insects and how they may respond, focusing on current gaps in knowledge. Understanding current effects and predicting future impacts will depend on progress in three areas. First, we need better description...
Temporal stability vs. community matrix measures of stability and the role of weak interactionsNARA Subscribed
Relationships between different measures of stability are not well understood in part because empiricists and theoreticians tend to measure different aspects and most studies only explore a single form of stability. Using time‐series data from experimental plankton communities, we compared temporal stability typically measured by empiricists (coefficient of variation in biomass) to stability measures typically measured by theo...
Apex predators can have substantial and complex ecological roles in ecosystems. However, differences in species‐specific traits, population densities, and interspecific interactions are likely to determine the strength of apex predators’ roles. Here we report complementary studies examining how interactions between predator per capita metabolic rate and population density influenced the biomass, population energy use, and ecol...
The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United StatesNARA Subscribed
We synthesize insights from current understanding of drought impacts at stand‐to‐biogeographic scales, including management options, and we identify challenges to be addressed with new research. Large stand‐level shifts underway in western forests already are showing the importance of interactions involving drought, insects, and fire. Diebacks, changes in composition and structure, and shifting range limits are widely observed...