APOE ’s ε4 haplotype ( APOE4 ) is late onset Alzheimer’s disease’s (LOAD) strongest genetic risk factor. Therefore, accurately modeling APOE4 ’s effect is critical to understanding LOAD. This is especially important as APOE4 odds ratios (OR) vary across racial and ethnic (R/E) groups. We analyzed the APOE4 -LOAD association in 3,196 East Asian, 31,105 non-Hispanic White (White), 1,646 Hispanic and Latino (Hispanic), and 6,068...

Hornworts are a small group of plants exclusively characterized by asynchronous sporogenesis and a sporangium that grows from its base. Among the most widely used and reliable features that delineate hornwort taxa are those related to spores, especially shape, color and spore wall ornamentation. The present study provides comparative data on the development and microanatomy of spores from all genera, representing the range of...

The species identification of whales, dolphins and porpoises at sea remains challenging, particularly for cryptic species like beaked whales (Family: Ziphiidae). Here we use environmental (e)DNA for identification of Sato’s beaked whale, Berardius minimus , at sea. This species was first described in 2019 and, to date, all but one genetic sample has been collected from beachcast carcasses. Sato’s beaked whales are difficult to...

Accurate estimates of age, growth and maturation are fundamental to fisheries assessment, conservation and the development of emerging aquaculture species. However, life‐history parameters can vary within species and may be influenced by factors such as sexual dimorphism, which is often poorly quantified in non‐commercial or understudied species. The monkeyface prickleback ( Cebidichthys violaceus ), one of the largest herbivo...

Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present study examines structure–function relationships—specifically, the relation of hippocampal volume with patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity—in youth...

Effective monitoring of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) populations and coral cover is critical for informing management of COTS outbreaks throughout their tropical Indo-Pacific range, including Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. However, existing monitoring tools such as manta tow and cull diver surveys have well-known limitations including accuracy and resource demands. This study evaluates a range of monitoring tools for asses...