This paper proposes a new statistical framework for modeling precipitation patterns in a specific geographic region using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Unlike conventional HMMs, where the hidden state process is Markovian, our approach introduces non-Markovian behavior by incorporating phase-type distributions to model state durations. This extension allows for a more realistic representation of alternating dry and wet periods,...

Five adult paralichthyid specimens with various kinds of abnormalities are reported from the south‐west Atlantic Ocean. These abnormal flatfish specimens represent the first records of wholly ambicoloured Paralichthys orbignyanus specimens having a deep notch between the eye and dorsal fin and a partially albinistic specimen having skeletal deformities and only the second record of an almost totally ambicoloured specimen. We a...