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Organic matter respiration stoichiometry in the Arctic Ocean is linked to shifts in plankton community compositionNARA Subscribed
The global rate of ocean deoxygenation may be influenced by the molar ratio of dissolved oxygen to organic carbon consumed during microbial respiration. However, respiration stoichiometry and its environmental controls are not fully understood due to sparse direct measurements and limited global coverage. Here, we measured surface concentrations of particulate chemical oxygen demand, particulate organic carbon, and particulate...
Rationale The impact of cannabis use patterns on pain perception during abstinence remains unclear. Objectives This study examined whether cannabis use frequency and weekly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure are associated with pain perception and circulating cannabinoid levels during biochemically verified brief abstinence. Methods Healthy adults ( N = 75; 29 females, 46 males; ages 21–55) reporting past-month cannab...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Drained Agricultural Peatlands as Persistent Carbon Sources: Implications for Carbon and Water Use Intensity in Food ProductionNARA Subscribed
Peatlands have the capacity to sequester large quantities of carbon and can therefore play an important role in climate change mitigation. However, anthropogenic activities alter their hydrological regimes, converting them from net CO 2 sinks into net sources. In England and elsewhere, lowland peatlands have been heavily drained and modified for agricultural land use, resulting in some of the most productive farmland in the UK...
Connectivity is a multifaceted concept that has important implications for the management and conservation of marine and freshwater fishes. We developed a conceptual framework that encompasses multiple, interrelated categories of connectedness, including landscape (e.g., structural, functional) connectivity and ecological (e.g., trophic, genetic, demographic) connectivity, that together shape the flow of organisms, energy and...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Two Contrasting Demographic Processes Shape the Divergence and Evolution of the Widespread Arid Zone Specialist, Petrogale lateralisNARA Subscribed
Organisms living in arid environments are predicted to be at increased risk of extinction under climatic and anthropogenic change. Response to past climate change can provide some insights into these risks; however, our understanding of the diversification and evolutionary history of many arid‐adapted species is still limited, particularly in Australia. Here, we evaluate the demographic and evolutionary history of a widespread...
Although cratons owe their longevity to thick, depleted and consequently buoyant sub-continental lithospheric mantle, their extents are commonly indicated by the known distribution of crustal rocks. However, the limits of a mapped cratonic area often do not match the seismically imaged thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle roots. New mantle xenolith petrology and geochemistry, combined with continental scale geophysical da...
Climate warming is changing tundra vegetation in the Arctic, with implications for plant litter properties. Warming may thus modify bacterial and fungal communities and their nitrogen (N) cycling capacity in the litter layer, which in turn can affect plant N availability. To address potential warming effects, we characterized the responses of bacterial and fungal communities and their genetically encoded capacity for inorganic...