Multilayer canopy models have been developed for several decades, and interest in this model class remains high despite their complexity because of their multiple advantages over big‐leaf models. Nowadays, a number of scientific and technological advancements favour improving and evaluating these models. First, the advent of lidar technology has enabled detailed mapping of leaves and stems in forest canopies and enhanced the m...

Globally, wetlands can sequester and store large amounts of soil carbon over the long term due to high primary productivity and slow decomposition. Yet centuries of drainage for agriculture and development have turned many of these carbon sinks into greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Restoring degraded wetlands, particularly in peat‐rich landscapes, is increasingly promoted as a nature‐based solution for climate change mitigation....

Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with atmospheric concentrations that have nearly tripled since pre‐industrial times. Wetlands account for a large share of global CH 4 emissions, yet the magnitude and factors controlling CH 4 fluxes in tidal wetlands remain uncertain. We synthesized CH 4 flux data from 100 chamber and 9 eddy covariance (EC) sites across tidal marshes in the conterminous United States to assess...

Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have bee...

Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH 4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co‐occurrence of CH 4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data‐model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, an...

Reliable partitioning of micrometeorologically measured evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation ( E ) and transpiration ( T ) would greatly enhance our understanding of the water cycle and its response to climate change related shifts in local‐to‐regional climate conditions and rising global levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). While some methods on ET partitioning have been developed, their underlying assumptions make the...

It is well documented that energy balance and other remote sensing‐based evapotranspiration (ET) models face greater uncertainty over water‐limited tree‐grass ecosystems (TGEs), representing nearly 1/6th of the global land surface. Their dual vegetation strata, the grass‐dominated understory and tree‐dominated overstory, make for distinct structural, physiological and phenological characteristics, which challenge models compar...

While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH 4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH 4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi‐site synthesis of how predictors of CH 4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We...

Whether annual evapotranspiration of native ecosystems is increasing or decreasing with time as CO 2 concentrations are rising, the climate is warming and rainfall experiences booms and busts, remains an unanswered question in the field of global change biology. To answer this question, we measured evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange over and under an oak savanna and over an annual grassland in the Mediterranean cli...

Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil‐to‐atmosphere CO 2 flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration ( R S ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high‐frequency R S...

The role of coastal mangrove wetlands in sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and mitigating climate change has received increasing attention in recent years. While recent studies have shown that methane (CH 4 ) emissions can potentially offset the carbon burial rates in low‐salinity coastal wetlands, there is hitherto a paucity of direct and year‐round measurements of ecosystem‐scale CH 4 flux (F CH4 ) from mangrov...