Importance of evaluation of global hydrological models (gHMs) before doing climate impact assessment was underlined in several studies. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of six gHMs in simulating observed discharge for a set of 57 large catchments applying common metrics with thresholds for the monthly and seasonal dynamics and summarize them estimating an aggregated index of model performance for...

Large‐scale biomass plantations ( BP s) are a common factor in climate mitigation scenarios as they promise double benefits: extracting carbon from the atmosphere and providing a renewable energy source. However, their terrestrial carbon dioxide removal ( tCDR ) potentials depend on important factors such as land availability, efficiency of capturing biomass‐derived carbon and the timing of operation. Land availability is rest...

A better understanding of the local variability in land‐atmosphere carbon fluxes is crucial to improving the accuracy of global carbon budgets. Operational satellite data backed by ground measurements at Fluxnet sites proved valuable in monitoring local variability of gross primary production at highly resolved spatio‐temporal resolutions. Yet, we lack similar operational estimates of ecosystem respiration (Re) to calculate ne...

This study describes the coupling of the dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM), Lund–Potsdam–Jena Model for managed land (LPJmL), with the general circulation model (GCM), Simplified Parameterizations primitivE Equation DYnamics model (SPEEDY), to study the feedbacks between land‐use change and natural vegetation dynamics and climate during the 20th century. We show that anthropogenic land‐use change had a stronger effect on...

The ongoing changes in the global climate expose the world's ecosystems not only to increasing CO 2 concentrations and temperatures but also to altered precipitation ( P ) regimes. Using four well‐established process‐based ecosystem models (LPJ, DayCent, ORCHIDEE, TECO), we explored effects of potential P changes on water limitation and net primary production (NPP) in seven terrestrial ecosystems with distinctive vegetation ty...

Interactive effects of multiple global change factors on ecosystem processes are complex. It is relatively expensive to explore those interactions in manipulative experiments. We conducted a modeling analysis to identify potentially important interactions and to stimulate hypothesis formulation for experimental research. Four models were used to quantify interactive effects of climate warming ( T ), altered precipitation amoun...

We investigated the combined effect of reduced phosphorus supply and warmer winter and spring conditions on the diatom spring bloom of a shallow lake. Simulations with a simple dynamic model indicated that reduced ice cover and increasing water temperatures resulted in a more intense and earlier bloom independently of phosphorous concentrations. However, whereas the collapse of the bloom was caused by silicate limitation under...

In order to better assess the role of agriculture within the global climate‐vegetation system, we present a model of the managed planetary land surface, Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land (LPJmL), which simulates biophysical and biogeochemical processes as well as productivity and yield of the most important crops worldwide, using a concept of crop functional types (CFTs). Based on the LPJ‐Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, LPJmL si...

A prominent response of temperate aquatic ecosystems to climate warming is changes in phenology – advancements or delays in annually reoccurring events in an organism's life cycle. The exact seasonal timing of warming, in conjunction with species‐specific life‐history events such as emergence from resting stages, timing of spawning, generation times, or stage‐specific prey requirements, may determine the nature of a species' r...

Large‐scale climatic fluctuations, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), are known to influence variability in abiotic site conditions and organism population dynamics in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here we demonstrate that the influence of the NAO on lake water temperatures—one of the major factors controlling ecological processes in lakes—differs substantially among l...

Climate is increasingly recognized as a major factor driving long‐term changes in plankton communities in both marine and limnetic ecosystems. In a shallow and polymictic lake, marked changes in the dynamics of phytoplankton and in the timing of distinctive successional events in spring were observed during two recent decades. We studied whether and how these changes were linked to a series of uncommonly warm winter and spring...