Introduction Insufficiency of the future liver remnant (FLR) precludes surgery for liver tumors as it is associated with post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). A common strategy to induce pre-operative FLR hypertrophy is portal vein embolization of the tumor bearing liver lobe. More recently, transarterial radio-embolization (radiation lobectomy, RL) has been employed. Direct functional assessment using 99mTc-mebrofenin-hepato...

Most species adjust their behavior to reduce the likelihood of predation. Many experiments have shown that antipredator responses carry energetic costs that can affect growth, survival, and reproduction, so that the total cost of predation depends on a trade‐off between direct predation and risk effects. Despite these patterns, few field studies have examined the relationship between direct predation and the strength of antipr...