A new cyprinid gudgeon, Saurogobio rarus sp. nov., is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, the new species resembles its congener S. dabryi the most, but with distinct differences. S. rarus sp. nov. has the naked area on chest restricted to or a little over the pectoral‐fin base, as opposed to extending much over the pectoral base or extending to posterior portion of the pectoral fin rays...