Increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (sPDGFRβ), a marker of blood–brain barrier (BBB)-associated pericyte cell injury, have been shown to correlate with increased BBB permeability and severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. It has been also shown that increased CSF sPDGFRβ levels can predict cognitive dysfunction in APOE4 carriers bearing the main susceptibilit...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits, cognitive decline, and brain structural changes have been reported in older adults with and without apolipoprotein E-e4 ( APOE4 )-related risk for dementia. However, it remains unclear whether brain structural changes mediate the effects of hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment in APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. We studied 166 (60–89 years) APOE4 carriers (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) and APOE3 homozygo...

In this study, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, is being studied alongside its comorbidity, conduct disorder (CD), a behavioral disorder. Because ADHD and CD share commonalities, distinguishing them is difficult, thus increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. It is crucial that these two conditions are not mistakenly identified as the same because the treatment plan varies de...

Objectives To develop a simulation model to explore the interplay between mechanical stretch and diffusion of large molecules into the skin under locally applied hypobaric pressure, a novel penetration enhancement method. Methods Finite element method was used to model the skin mechanical deformation and molecular diffusion processes, with validation against in-vitro transdermal permeation experiments. Simulations and experime...