Antipredator defenses typically act at distinct stages of the predation sequence—encounter, identification, approach, and subjugation. However, their effectiveness has rarely been quantified and compared simultaneously in wild predator–prey systems. We conducted a study in Peru, where we installed aviaries at two localities and recorded the responses of wild avian predators to three types of antipredator defenses—crypsis, apos...

Climate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our understanding of this, we used a standardised field protocol to (1) study the buffering ability (ability to regulate body temperature relative to surrounding air temperature) of neotropical (Panama) and temperate (the United Kingdom, Czech Republic an...

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is an endangered bivalve which is usually regarded as sedentary, although individual movement has been observed both vertically and horizontally. Little is known about the causes and rates of mussel movement. The objective of this study was to test the effect of microhabitat characteristics on the horizontal movement distance and rates of freshwater pearl mussels. A total...

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zu Bewegungsanteilen im Sportunterricht unter Verwendung objektiver Verfahren sind in Deutschland selten. Sie sind jedoch sowohl aus gesundheits- und trainingswissenschaftlicher als auch aus sportpädagogischer Perspektive von Interesse, um Schulsportwirklichkeit systematisch analysieren zu können. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Bewegungszeit (Minuten), Belastungsintensität (Herzschläge pro Mi...