Dental caries (DC) is the most prevalent chronic disease. Previous studies have revealed negative associations between DC prevalence and both drinking water fluoride concentration (F) and socioeconomic status but further predictors, notably drinking water calcium, have been little explored, particularly in the UK. Therefore, this study employed multiple linear regression (MLR) to model the dependency of children’s DC on all th...

Rice consumption is a pathway for human exposure to toxic elements. Although rice is a major staple in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) there is limited published data about its toxic element composition. Both imported and locally grown Hassawi rice in Saudi Arabia were collected, digested then analysed by HPLC-ICP-MS for inorganic arsenic (i-As) and by ICP-MS for As, Cd, Pb and Hg. Of these toxic elements, i-As was present a...

Although there are an increasing number of artificial intelligence/machine learning models of various hazardous chemicals (e.g. As, F, U, NO 3 − , radon) in environmental media (e.g. groundwater, soil), these most commonly use arbitrarily selected cutoff criteria to balance model specificity and sensitivity. This results in models of hazard distribution that, whilst often of considerable interest and utility, are not designed...

Geogenic arsenic contamination in groundwaters poses a severe health risk to hundreds of millions of people globally. Notwithstanding the particular risks to exposed populations in the Indian sub-continent, at the time of writing, there was a paucity of geostatistically based models of the spatial distribution of groundwater hazard in India. In this study, we used logistic regression models of secondary groundwater arsenic dat...

DNA strand breaks are a common form of DNA damage that can contribute to chromosomal instability or gene mutations. Such strand breaks may be caused by exposure to heavy metals. The aim of this study was to assess the level of DNA strand breaks caused by µm-scale solid particles of known chemical composition with elevated heavy metals/metalloids, notably arsenic, using an in vitro cell-free DNA plasmid scission assay. These sa...

Hypertension risks arising from chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) are well documented. Consumption of rice is a major iAs exposure route for over 3 billion people; however, there is a lack of epidemiological evidence demonstrating an association of hypertension risks with iAs intake from rice, especially in areas where there is little exposure from drinking water but a growing demand for rice intake. To address this,...

Summary Microbially mediated arsenic release from H olocene and P leistocene C ambodian aquifer sediments was investigated using microcosm experiments and substrate amendments. In the H olocene sediment, the metabolically active bacteria, including arsenate‐respiring bacteria, were determined by DNA stable‐isotope probing. After incubation with 13 C‐acetate and 13 C‐lactate, active bacterial community in the Holocene sediment...