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Locomotion Reveals Contrasting Responses in Body Mass‐Scaling of Metabolic Rates Between Winged and Wingless ArthropodsNARA Subscribed
Metabolism fuels fundamental biological processes and commonly scales with body mass with an exponent, b , between 2/3 and 1. We, here, explore how differences in physical activity can reveal contrasting interspecific metabolic scaling between major groups of arthropods. The Metabolic‐level Boundaries Hypothesis predicts that increased behavioural activity increases b . We test this hypothesis by comparing b during flight, non...
A global meta‐analysis of ecological functions and regulating ecosystem services of freshwater bivalvesNARA Subscribed
Freshwater bivalves are globally distributed, diverse, and common in benthic communities. Many taxa, particularly in the most species‐rich order, Unionida, are declining due to anthropogenic stressors, while a small number of non‐native species have become increasingly abundant and widespread, commonly replacing native bivalve assemblages. To understand how these global changes may impact ecosystems and people, we conducted a...
Which Body Size Metrics Should Be Used for Assessing Temperature Impacts on Fish Growth and Size?NARA Subscribed
An extensive literature and debate exist on how and why temperature impacts animal, and especially ectotherm, body sizes. However, there remain considerable discrepancies and misunderstandings in the key definitions and concepts of body size used to describe observed temperature impacts across studies. For fish and other animals that continue growing throughout life, body size can be defined as size‐at‐maturity, adult size, as...
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this...
Construction and validation of an infant chest phantom for paediatric computed tomographyNARA Subscribed
Paediatric imaging protocols should be carefully optimised to maintain the desired image quality while minimising the delivered patient dose. A paediatric chest phantom was designed, constructed and evaluated to optimise chest CT examinations for infants. The phantom was designed to enable dosimetry and image quality measurements within the anthropomorphic structure. It was constructed using tissue equivalent materials to mimi...
Long‐term shifts in phenology, thermal niche, population size, and their interactions in marine pelagic copepodsNARA Subscribed
Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~...
Metabolism underpins all life‐sustaining processes and varies profoundly with body size, temperature and locomotor activity. A current theory explains some of the size‐dependence of metabolic rate (its mass exponent, b ) through changes in metabolic level ( L ). We propose two predictive advances that: (a) combine the above theory with the evolved avoidance of oxygen limitation in water‐breathers experiencing warming, and (b)...
Aim Eucalypts have a widespread global distribution owing to their popularity for agroforestry and as environmental plantings. Despite an abundance of site‐specific evidence that eucalypts modify soils and soil processes, we lack a quantitative synthesis of their overall effects at the global scale. This limits our capacity to assess the likely impacts of future introductions in any given region of the world. Location Global....
Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna under the assumption that large-scale MPAs better align with vagile life histories; however, this alignment is not well established. Using a global tracking dataset from 36 species across five taxa, chosen to reflect the span of home range size in highly mobile ma...
Density‐dependent modulation of copepod body size and temperature–size responses in a shelf seaNARA Subscribed
Body size is a fundamental trait in ecology, and body size reduction with increasing temperature has been termed the third universal response to climate warming. Although effects of temperature and food on phenotypic plasticity of zooplankton adult body size have been investigated, density‐dependent effects have been neglected. We measured seasonal changes in the prosome length of 7098 adult females of 7 dominant copepod speci...
Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to operationalize social equity in and through the pursuit of marine conservation. In this article, we aim to bring greater attention to this topic through reviewing how social e...
Increasing picocyanobacteria success in shelf waters contributes to long‐term food web degradationNARA Subscribed
Continental margins are disproportionally important for global primary production, fisheries and CO 2 uptake. However, across the Northeast Atlantic shelves, there has been an ongoing summertime decline of key biota—large diatoms, dinoflagellates and copepods—that traditionally fuel higher tropic levels such as fish, sea birds and marine mammals. Here, we combine multiple time series with in situ process studies to link these...
Lifeform indicators reveal large‐scale shifts in plankton across the North‐West European shelfNARA Subscribed
Increasing direct human pressures on the marine environment, coupled with climate‐driven changes, is a concern to marine ecosystems globally. This requires the development and monitoring of ecosystem indicators for effective management and adaptation planning. Plankton lifeforms (broad functional groups) are sensitive indicators of marine environmental change and can provide a simplified view of plankton biodiversity, building...