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Strongly pagophilic, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae has long been designated a sea ice obligate species, which included the requirement to find pack ice on which to molt. However, observations have accumulated over the years to question this attribute; therefore, we investigated this aspect of the species’ natural history strategy through a synthesis of published, unpublished, and historical records obtained Antarctic-w...
Non-destructive surface exposure (EDXRF) analyses for major and trace elements are widely used in archaeological investigations to characterize sources of artifacts and stone tools because these methods provide geochemical information on objects that usually cannot be destroyed. However, EDXRF methods are not used in most geological investigations where sample destruction is the norm. Thus, a variety of destructive whole rock...
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a rapidly evolving therapeutic modality, combining the selective targeting of monoclonal antibodies with highly potent small molecule payloads. Their inherent structural complexity demands a sophisticated and multi-faceted bioanalytical approach spanning preclinical discovery through late-stage clinical development. This white paper, developed by the ADC Working Group of the AAPS bioan...
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata): Management Challenges, Knowledge Gaps, and Opportunities for an Unsung SpeciesNARA Subscribed
Shortleaf pine has the broadest range of the southern pine species, occurring in 22 states and extending north into New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York (Staten Island). Shortleaf pine has been understudied compared to loblolly pine and longleaf pine, typically favored for timber production and conservation value, respectively. The extensive range of shortleaf pine contributes to a high degree of variability within and among...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Since the Victorian era, orchids have been in continuous demand within the horticultural trade. As a result, the entire family of over 29,000 species are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), making up over 73% of the species listed on CITES. With the continued threat from (often illegal) over-exploitation of orchids and discovery of new species of potential hort...
The unsustainable use of wildlife is a threat to biodiversity on a global scale, and the insatiable demand is driven by the attributes of the species, their parts, and derivatives. However, not all species are equally valued; certain attributes command a higher price. One example is the exotic pet trade in amphibians and reptiles. Poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae) are particularly in demand owing to their vibrant colors and di...
Migratory Strategy is a Key Factor Driving Interactions at Wind Energy Facilities in At‐Risk North American BatsNARA Subscribed
Animal migration remains poorly understood for many organisms, impeding understanding of movement dynamics and limiting conservation actions. We develop a framework that scales from movements of individuals to the dynamics of continental migration using data synthesis of endogenous markers, which we apply to three North American bat species with unexplained high rates of fatalities at wind energy facilities. The two species ex...
Multispecies coral reef fisheries are typically managed by local communities who often lack research and monitoring capacity, which prevents estimation of well‐defined sustainable reference points to perform locally relevant fishery assessments. Recent research modeling coral reef fisheries globally has estimated multispecies sustainable reference points (i.e., the maximum reef fish yields that can be harvested sustainably and...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
A user’s guide to coral reef restoration terminologiesNARA Subscribed
Global coral reef restoration efforts continue to diversify in approach, location, and socio-ecological context. In parallel, vocabulary has evolved such that practitioners, scientists, policy makers, communicators, and investors must navigate an increasingly confusing set of terms that are inconsistently defined. Precision around terms and definitions is an important attribute underpinning the rate and extent with which resto...
Vocalizations are potential indicators of pain in animals. We recorded and analyzed spectrographically the vocalizations of harbor seal pups ( Phoca vitulina ) before, during, and after the routine procedures of flipper tagging and microchipping prior to release from a rehabilitation facility in British Columbia, Canada. It is standard practice for these procedures to be done without analgesia. In Experiment 1, we compared voc...
Drone-based monitoring and geomorphology of southern giant petrel nests near Palmer Station, western Antarctic PeninsulaNARA Subscribed
Human activities and climate change threaten seabirds globally, and many species are declining from already small breeding populations. Monitoring of breeding colonies can identify population trends and important conservation concerns, but it is a persistent challenge to achieve adequate coverage of remote and sensitive breeding sites. Southern giant petrels ( Macronectes giganteus ) exemplify this challenge: as polar, pelagic...