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Exotic Invasive Plant Species Increase Primary Productivity, but Not in Their Native RangesNARA Subscribed
Ecosystem net primary productivity is thought to occur near the maximum that abiotic constraints allow; but exotic invasive plants often correlate with increased productivity. However, field patterns and experimental evidence for this come only from the non‐native ranges of exotic species. Thus, we do not know if this pattern is caused by exotic invasions per se or whether successful exotic species are disproportionately produ...
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsisten...
Diseases of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii : A review for a growing industryNARA Subscribed
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , is a major focus of aquaculture in tropical and sub‐tropical regions around the globe. Over the last 30 years, culture of M . rosenbergii has increased exponentially as demand has risen both for domestic consumption and for international export trade. As with many aquaculture species increases in production have been accompanied by the emergence of diseases affecting yield, pr...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Sharing and reporting benefits from biodiversity researchNARA Subscribed
Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrataNARA Subscribed
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein. Yields of cowpea are significantly reduced through damage by legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) , caterpillars to flowers, tender leaves and pods. Semiochemical-based strategies are considered as environmentally benign and afforda...
Plant diversity can increase biomass production in plot‐scale studies, but applying these results to ecosystem carbon (C) storage at larger spatial and temporal scales remains problematic. Other ecosystem controls interact with diversity and plant production, and may influence soil pools differently from plant pools. We integrated diversity with the state‐factor framework, which identifies key controls, or ‘state factors’, ove...
Solidago gigantea plants from nonnative ranges compensate more in response to damage than plants from the native rangeNARA Subscribed
Resistance and tolerance are two ways that plants cope with herbivory. Tolerance, the ability of a plant to regrow or reproduce after being consumed, has been studied less than resistance, but this trait varies widely among species and has considerable potential to affect the ecology of plant species. One particular aspect of tolerance, compensatory responses, can evolve rapidly in plant species; providing insight into interac...
Estimating local biodiversity change: a critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversityNARA Subscribed
Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For example, two recent data meta‐analyses have found that species richness is decreasing in some locations and is increasing in others. When these trends are combined, these papers argued there has b...
Scaling environmental change through the community‐level: a trait‐based response‐and‐effect framework for plantsNARA Subscribed
Predicting ecosystem responses to global change is a major challenge in ecology. A critical step in that challenge is to understand how changing environmental conditions influence processes across levels of ecological organization. While direct scaling from individual to ecosystem dynamics can lead to robust and mechanistic predictions, new approaches are needed to appropriately translate questions through the community level....
A recent debate among ecologists has focused on mechanisms by which species diversity might affect net primary productivity. Communities with more species could use a greater variety of resource capture characteristics, leading to greater use of limiting resources (complementarity) and therefore greater productivity (overyielding). Recent experiments, however, have shown a variety of relationships between diversity and product...
Vegetation and climate controls on potential CO 2 , DOC and DON production in northern latitude soilsNARA Subscribed
Climatic change may influence decomposition dynamics in arctic and boreal ecosystems, affecting both atmospheric CO 2 levels, and the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to aquatic systems. In this study, we investigated landscape‐scale controls on potential production of these compounds using a one‐year laboratory incubation at two temperatures (10° and 30 °C). We measured the release o...