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Pollinators receive considerable interest due to their fundamental role in ecosystem functioning and human well‐being. Unlike farmlands, studies of urban pollinator‐promoting interventions are scarce and have not been synthesised, hampering policy implementation. To fill this gap, we compared pollinator‐promoting interventions (treatment) with conventionally managed (control) sites regarding vegetation, floral resources, and p...
Quantifying the response of Blainville's beaked whales to U.S. naval sonar exercises in HawaiiNARA Subscribed
Behavioral responses of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) to naval use of mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS) have been quantified for some species and regions. We describe the effects of MFAS on the probability of detecting diving groups of Blainville's beaked whales on the U.S. Navy Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Hawaii and compare our results to previously published results for the same species at the Atlantic Unders...
Benefits and Challenges of a Stakeholder-Driven Shellfish Toxicity Forecast in Coastal MaineOA Marine
Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) is a human health concern for shellfish aquaculture and wild harvest. This paper discusses lessons learned from a forecasting program for PSP in coastal Maine, USA, designed based on stakeholder input, and run in an operational mode for the 2021 season. The forecast uses a deep learning algorithm to make site-specific, probabilistic forecasts at a weekly forecast range for toxin levels measured...
To add to the growing information about the effect of multibeam echosounder (MBES) operation on marine mammals, a study was conducted to assess the spatial foraging effort of Cuvier’s beaked whales during two MBES surveys conducted in January of 2017 and 2019 off of San Clemente Island, California. The MBES surveys took place on the Southern California Antisubmarine Warfare Range (SOAR), which contains an array of 89 hydrophon...
Abundance, survival, and annual rate of change of Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) on a Navy sonar rangeNARA Subscribed
Bayesian mark‐recapture estimates of survival, abundance, and trend are reported for Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) using a Navy training range off southern California. The deep‐diving beaked whale family is exceptionally vulnerable to mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS), which has been implicated in mass strandings and altered foraging behavior. Extremely low sighting probabilities impede studies of population‐l...
The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in cityNARA Subscribed
Aim Cities worldwide are characterized by unique human stressors that filter species based on their traits, potentially leading to biodiversity loss. The knowledge of which species are filtered and at which scale is important to gain a more mechanistic understanding of urban community assembly and to develop strategies to manage human impact on urban ecosystems. We investigate the ecological mechanisms shaping urban community...
Behavioral responses of satellite tracked Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ) to mid‐frequency active sonarNARA Subscribed
The vulnerability of beaked whales (Family: Ziphiidae) to intense sound exposure has led to interest in their behavioral responses to mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS, 3–8 kHz). Here we present satellite‐transmitting tag movement and dive behavior records from Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ) tagged in advance of naval sonar exercises at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Baha...
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Biotic interactions in species distribution modelling: 10 questions to guide interpretation and avoid false conclusionsNARA Subscribed
Aim Recent studies increasingly use statistical methods to infer biotic interactions from co‐occurrence information at a large spatial scale. However, disentangling biotic interactions from other factors that can affect co‐occurrence patterns at the macroscale is a major challenge. Approach We present a set of questions that analysts and reviewers should ask to avoid erroneously attributing species association patterns to biot...
We provide guidance for monitoring whether human activities affect the physiology or behavior of marine mammals and, if so, whether those effects may lead to changes in survival and reproduction at the population level. We suggest that four elements be included in designing and implementing such a monitoring program. The first is development of a theory of change: a set of mechanistic hypotheses that outline why a given activi...
Estimating minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) boing sound density using passive acoustic sensorsNARA Subscribed
A bstract Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using visual distance sampling or capture‐recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of 14 bottom‐mounted hydrophones, distributed over a 60 × 30 km area off Kauai, Hawaii, to estimate d...
Passive acoustic density estimation of sperm whales in the Tongue of the Ocean, BahamasNARA Subscribed
Long‐term passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals on navy ranges provides the opportunity to better understand the potential impact of sonar on populations. The navy range in Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas contains extensive hydrophone arrays, potentially allowing estimation of the density of deep diving, vocally active species such as the sperm whale ( Physeter macrocephalus ). Previous visual surveys in TOTO have...
Global patterns of stream detritivore distribution: implications for biodiversity loss in changing climatesNARA Subscribed
Aim We tested the hypothesis that shredder detritivores, a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, are more diverse at higher latitudes, which has important ecological implications in the face of potential biodiversity losses that are expected as a result of climate change. We also explored the dependence of local shredder diversity on the regional species pool across latitudes, and examined the influence of environmental fact...
The number and distribution of vocalizing groups of Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ) were analyzed before, during, and after multiship mid‐frequency active sonar operations at the US Navy's Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. Groups of foraging animals were isolated by detecting their echolocation clicks using an array of bottom‐mounted hydrophones. Two data sets were eval...
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