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We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...
Strongly pagophilic, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae has long been designated a sea ice obligate species, which included the requirement to find pack ice on which to molt. However, observations have accumulated over the years to question this attribute; therefore, we investigated this aspect of the species’ natural history strategy through a synthesis of published, unpublished, and historical records obtained Antarctic-w...
From field to sky: measurement and modeling of transgenic switchgrass pollen dispersal in the atmosphereNARA Subscribed
Accurate tracking and measurement of pollen dispersal in the atmosphere are essential for assessing cross-pollination risks, particularly in the case of genetically engineered (GE) crops. We conducted a series of unique release-recapture field studies with GE switchgrass in Oliver Springs, TN, USA. Two hundred transgenic switchgrass plants ( Panicum virgatum L. “Performer”) were planted at the center of a clear-cut field, with...
Mineral Stabilization Slows Losses of Peatland Carbon Following Long‐Term Drainage for AgricultureNARA Subscribed
Cultivated peatlands are a major CO 2 emission source, but the processes that regulate the decomposition of drained peat are debated, especially as drained peat becomes increasingly shallow. Many cultivated peatlands are underlain by a mineral soil layer. Surface subsidence, oxidation and tillage reduce the peat thickness, which intermixes peat with minerals as peat is lost. A key question is whether this mixing can reduce emi...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Regional Nasal Drug Deposition in Pediatric vs. Adult Models: In vitro Insights into User Technique and Breathing Patterns SensitivityNARA Subscribed
Purpose Although in vitro studies recommended for establishing bioequivalence of locally acting nasal suspension products provide useful information regarding product performance, currently they are not designed to fully account for variability introduced by patient-specific factors such as administration technique and breathing patterns. This limitation, combined with ethical and practical challenges in conducting pediatric c...
Motorways, drought and wildfire: do they shape trajectories of arboreal mammal populations in eastern Australia?NARA Subscribed
Motorways have the potential to create barriers to the movement of wildlife, increase mortality and cause edge effects, producing declines in abundance in nearby habitat. We investigated the response of six nocturnal arboreal mammal species to the construction of a new motorway in eastern Australia: five gliding species (three small, 500 g) and one generalist non-gliding species (4 kg). The two large gliding species are listed...
Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Processes Jointly Explain Mesopredator Movement and Foraging EcologyNARA Subscribed
Prey availability and predation risk drive animal distribution, movement, and foraging ecology, yet studies rarely analyse multiple predator–prey levels together. Understanding how predators optimise risk–reward tradeoffs is important for species conservation and management, especially in systems facing extreme ecosystem change. We examined how top‐down (modelled polar bear habitat selection) and bottom‐up (modelled fish diver...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...