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IBD risk locus rs1077773 enhances aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and modulates immune cell function in vitroNARA Subscribed
Introduction The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are disorders that cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. There are currently >200 known genetic susceptibility loci for the development of IBD. The physiological impact of the majority of these loci remain a gap in our knowledge. On...
Minimum variance clustering of plant community data with non-Euclidean distance measures: Ward’s method and PERMANOVANARA Subscribed
Cluster analysis is a useful technique for discovery of natural groups in multivariate data sets, and Ward’s minimum variance clustering method has been one of the most successful. Advances in the use of semi-metric, non-Euclidean distance measures for non-parametric ANOVA (PERMANOVA; Anderson, Wiley statsref: statistics reference online, Wiley, United States, 2014) have justified the use of distance measures such as the Bray–...
The importance of connectivity for freshwater organisms is widely recognised, yet in‐stream barriers associated with population declines and increased risk of extinction remain globally ubiquitous. Despite their negative consequences, these barriers can protect aquatic communities by limiting the spread of invasive species, leading to conflicting management goals in some regions. Selective fish passage is a solution for the co...
Purpose Combining analgesics with different mechanisms of action may increase the analgesic efficacy. The multidimensional pharmacodynamic profiles of ibuprofen 400 mg/paracetamol 1000 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg/paracetamol 1000 mg/codeine 60 mg, and paracetamol 1000 mg/codeine 60 mg and placebo were compared. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre, outpatient, and single-dose study use...
Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and so...
Purpose Effect size estimates of analgesic drugs can be misleading. Ibuprofen (400 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg), paracetamol (1000 mg, 500 mg), paracetamol 1000 mg/codeine 60 mg, and placebo were investigated to establish the multidimensional pharmacodynamic profiles of each drug on acute pain with calculated effect size estimates. Methods A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre, outpa...
The Path to an Ecosystem Approach for Forage Fish Management: A Case Study of Atlantic MenhadenOA Marine
Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first...
Pattern and scale: evaluating generalities in crab distributions and marsh dynamics from small plots to a national scaleNARA Subscribed
The generality of ecological patterns depends inextricably on the scale at which they are examined. We investigated patterns of crab distribution and the relationship between crabs and vegetation in salt marshes at multiple scales. By using consistent monitoring protocols across 15 U.S. National Estuarine Research Reserves, we were able to synthesize patterns from the scale of quadrats to the entire marsh landscape to regional...