Urbanisation is a globally increasing phenomenon with diverse impacts on biodiversity. Interest in how urbanisation affects raptors is growing because, as top predators, they can be used as bioindicators for ecosystem functioning and sentinels for environmental change. However, a comprehensive synthesis detailing the global-scale impact of urban-related sensory and risk factors on nocturnal raptors (i.e. owls) is lacking. In t...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a major anthropogenic pressure across the tree of life. While ALAN drives population declines in insects and reptiles, birds defy simple patterns. Avian responses to ALAN vary in direction and magnitude, yet the fitness consequences of these responses remain unresolved. We conducted a meta‐analysis to test whether ALAN alters avian physiology, behaviour and life‐histories, analysing 675 effe...

Urban areas are altered from natural landscapes in several ways that can impact wildlife. Birds are widespread in urban areas, and it is well documented that there are phenotypic differences between urban and non‐urban conspecifics. However, little is known about which characteristics of the urban environment are driving differences. We used 9 years of data from nest boxes spread across 20 sites along a 40‐km urban–non‐urban g...

Private gardens contribute to a large area of land within cities. Yet, little is known about the value of private gardens in pollinator conservation in terms of their management and position within the urban matrix. We investigated seasonal patterns in how environmental variables influenced plant-flower visitor interactions and the network structure in private gardens. We collected plant-flower visitor data in 18 private garde...

Cities pose a major ecological challenge for wildlife worldwide. Phenotypic variation, which can result from underlying genetic variation or plasticity, is an important metric to understand eco‐evolutionary responses to environmental change. Recent work suggests that urban populations might have higher levels of phenotypic variation than non‐urban counterparts. This prediction, however, has never been tested across species nor...

Urbanisation is a globally occurring phenomenon and is predicted to continue increasing rapidly. Urban ecosystems present novel environments and challenges which species must acclimate or adapt to. These novel challenges alter existing or create new selection pressures on behaviours which provide an opportunity to investigate eco-evolutionary responses to contemporary environmental change. We used 7 years of breeding data from...