Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory condition that affects the ability to perceive sounds. Hair cells play a vital role in hearing by converting mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain. In humans, if damaged, these specialized sensory cells do not regenerate, leading to reduced sensitivity to sound, difficulty understanding speech, and deafness. The incidence of hearing loss increa...

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with a broad spectrum of neurological manifestations, including conditions that may precede the development of HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This analytical, descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection and describe associated sociodemographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinic...

Aim The evolution of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is critical for understanding Asian biodiversity and ecosystem stability. While models and geological records suggest the EASM reached the Qaidam Basin during the Miocene, macrofossil evidence remains scarce. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a northwestward monsoon expansion using newly discovered Populus fossils as bioclimatic indicators. Location Wulan Basin, northe...