In recent decades, the spread, intensity and frequency of extreme monsoon events over India have increased significantly. The year 2019 witnessed a widespread increase in extreme precipitation. Although oceanic variables have a role, the mechanism of rain formation and detailed cloud properties remain unclear for extremes. Using satellite and reanalysis datasets, we examined the interplay between cloud characteristics and dyna...

The complex interactions among atmosphere, ocean, land and cryosphere make it challenging to predict Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) accurately. This study evaluates two next‐generation seasonal prediction systems—GFDL‐SPEAR (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory‐Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research) and the MMCFSv2 (Monsoon Mission Coupled Forecast System version 2), which incorporate updated model p...

Synoptic‐scale systems, such as monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPSs), contribute significantly to seasonal mean monsoon rainfall. Therefore, realistic simulation of characteristics (i.e., intensity, frequency and propagation) of LPSs is crucial for reducing the dry rainfall biases in general circulation models. Recent studies have argued that the generation and propagation of LPSs are strongly modulated by the narrow coastal se...