(1) Background: Vaccination is crucial for Ctenopharyngodon idella, yet the impact of delivery methods on welfare and immunity requires investigation. (2) Methods: This study compared manual (HI-V) and automated (AI-V) injections of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. (3) Results: Both methods induced protective immunity, with AI-V achieving a slightly higher Relative Percent Survival (41.67%) than HI-V (37.84%). AI-V pr...

Summary Three continuous stirred‐tank reactors (CSTRs) were used for H 2 production from molasses wastewater at influent pH of 6.0–6.5 (reactor A), 5.5–6.0 (reactor B), or 4.0–4.5 (reactor C). After operation for 28 days, the microbial community formed ethanol type (C), propionate type (A) and ethanol‐butyrate‐mixed type (B) fermentation. The H 2 production rate was the highest for ethanol type fermentation, 0.40 l (g VSS) −1...