We sincerely apologize for a technical error revealed in this article, published in 2023: the spectral nudging process at the upper levels was not functioning as intended. Consequently, the final results presented in the original work are based on WRF downscaling without active spectral nudging. To assess the potential impact of this error on the study’s main conclusion, we conducted two additional experiments using the same W...

An accurate understanding of the current and future water cycle over the Third Pole is of great societal importance, given the role this region plays as a water tower for densely populated areas downstream. An emerging and promising approach for skillful climate assessments over regions of complex terrain is kilometer-scale climate modeling. As a foundational step towards such simulations over the Third Pole, we present a mult...

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), also called the Third Pole, is considered to be “the world water tower”. The northwestern TP (NWTP), which has an average elevation higher than 4800 m, is an arid region where the summer precipitation is largely overestimated by the ERA5 global reanalysis product. We hypothesize that this wet bias is mainly caused by unrealistic lower-level winds that trigger strong convection over the region; it can...