Purpose This paper compares the environmental impact of the European residential stock as calculated with two LCA-based building stock models (Consumption Footprint – BoP Housing and PULSE-EU). The goal is to identify the purpose for which each model is best suited and to reflect on the need to balance modelling feasibility with accuracy, the uncertainties inherent to impact estimation at a large scale, and how they can affect...

Upon cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, large T-cell responses are elicited that remain high or even increase over time, a phenomenon named memory T-cell inflation. Besides, the maintained robust T-cell response, CMV-specific T cells seem to have a distinctive phenotype, characterized by an advanced differentiation state. Here, we will review this “special” differentiation status by discussing the cellular phenotype based on the...