Summary Contaminated water is a major risk factor associated with the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. Typhi), the aetiological agent of human typhoid. However, little is known about how this pathogen adapts to living in the aqueous environment. We used transcriptome analysis (RNA‐seq) and transposon mutagenesis (TraDIS) to characterize these adaptive changes and identify multiple genes that contribute to...