The bottom mixed layer (BML) of the abyssal ocean regulates heat exchange between the deep interior and seafloor, driving water–mass transformation and influencing global circulation. Spatial variability of the BML was examined in the under-sampled abyssal Pacific Ocean using surface-to-seafloor temperature and pressure observations over 4 months in 2023–2024. Given the typical decadal repeat rate of global hydrographic sectio...

A variety of geological processes shape and modify the morphology of volcanic islands over a range of temporal timeframes. Amongst the most conspicuous are aerial and submarine landslides that are frequently observed in both island arc and intra-plate volcanic settings. Identifying and understanding the triggering mechanisms of these landslides is crucial to geohazard mitigation as they pose major threats to coastal communitie...

Sandur plains are extensive sedimentary bodies formed in proglacial settings by glaciofluvial processes. Icelandic sandar have been hypothesised to be comprised of thick alluvial successions that provide critical insight into the processes that contributed to their formation and evolution. However, to‐date, most sandar research has focused on the analysis of sedimentary successions associated to topographically‐confined and sm...