An empirical ridge statistic that correlates weekly level ice thickness with keel depth and weekly number of ridges was investigated using upward looking sonars (ULS) data from 2006 to 2020 in the Fram Strait. The applied methodology was similar to the previous studies for the Beaufort Sea. The data were divided into weekly segments. For each of them, level ice thickness (hi), the number of ridges (N) and the average (hk) and...

Despite the exclusion of the Southern Ocean from assessments of progress towards achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has taken on the mantle of progressing efforts to achieve it. Within the CBD, Aichi Target 11 represents an agreed commitment to protect 10% of the global coastal and marine environment. Adopting...