Private gardens contribute to a large area of land within cities. Yet, little is known about the value of private gardens in pollinator conservation in terms of their management and position within the urban matrix. We investigated seasonal patterns in how environmental variables influenced plant-flower visitor interactions and the network structure in private gardens. We collected plant-flower visitor data in 18 private garde...

Penguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the...