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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
INSTINCT: a flow-based open-source PNT framework for satellite navigation and sensor fusionNARA Subscribed
INS toolkit for integrated navigation concepts and training (INSTINCT) is an open-source positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) framework for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) navigation and sensor fusion written in C++. It uses flow-based programming to encapsulate functionality, enforce clean interfaces and promote reusability. Not only multi-constellation, multi-frequency single point positioning (SPP) and real-ti...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Weighing the global built environment: High‐resolution mapping and quantification of material stocks in buildingsNARA Subscribed
Buildings provide indispensable services for human well‐being, but their construction and use are responsible for a substantial fraction of societies’ resource requirements and greenhouse gas emissions. Mapping and quantifying the material stocks in buildings is a key research frontier in industrial ecology. Reliable and spatially highly resolved maps of material stocks in buildings worldwide are so far not available. Existing...
Revealing Ghana’s unique fonio genetic diversity: leveraging farmers knowledge for sustainable conservation and breeding strategiesNARA Subscribed
Genetic diversity analysis is pivotal for optimizing the use of genetic resources and deploying conservation strategies in the face of global changes. This is important for essential indigenous species often neglected by research. This research was carried out to examine the pattern of genetic diversity and structure among fonio ( Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) accessions in Ghana. Following farmer surveys and collection ef...
Improving PPP positioning and troposphere estimates using an azimuth-dependent weighting schemeNARA Subscribed
Asymmetric troposphere modeling is crucial in Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The functional model of the asymmetric troposphere has been thoroughly studied, while the stochastic model lacks discussion. Currently, there is no suitable stochastic model for asymmetric tropospheric conditions, potentially degrading the positioning accuracy and the reliability of Zenith Total/Wet Delay (ZTD/ZWD) estimates. This paper introduces a...
The B-spline mapping function (BMF): representing anisotropic troposphere delays by a single self-consistent functional modelNARA Subscribed
Troposphere’s asymmetry can introduce errors ranging from centimeters to decimeters at low elevation angles, which cannot be ignored in high-precision positioning technology and meteorological research. The traditional two-axis gradient model, which strongly relies on an open-sky environment of the receiver, exhibits misfits at low elevation angles due to their simplistic nature. In response, we propose a directional mapping f...
Tankyrase inhibition interferes with junction remodeling, induces leakiness, and disturbs YAP1/TAZ signaling in the endotheliumNARA Subscribed
Tankyrase inhibitors are increasingly considered for therapeutic use in malignancies that are characterized by high intrinsic β-catenin activity. However, how tankyrase inhibition affects the endothelium after systemic application remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 affects endothelial cell function and the underlying mechanism involved. Endothelial cell function...
Harmful algal blooms kill fish populations worldwide, as exemplified by the haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum . The suspected causative agents are prymnesins, categorized as A-, B-, and C-types based on backbone carbon atoms. Impacts of P. parvum extracts and purified prymnesins were tested on the epithelial rainbow trout fish gill cell line RTgill-W1 and on the human colon epithelial cells HCEC-1CT. Cytotoxic potencies r...
Stochastic modeling with robust Kalman filter for real-time kinematic GPS single-frequency positioningNARA Subscribed
The centimeter-level positioning accuracy of real-time kinematic (RTK) depends on correctly resolving integer carrier-phase ambiguities. To improve the success rate of ambiguity resolution and obtain reliable positioning results, an enhanced Kalman filtering procedure has been developed. Based on a posteriori residuals of measurements and state predictions, the measurement noise variance–covariance matrix for double-difference...
Opinion on acetaldehyde as a flavouring substance: considerations for risk assessment Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in many foods and is also used as a flavouring due to its fruity aroma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified acetaldehyde as possibly carcinogenic to humans and, in combination with oral intake via alcoholic beverages, as carcinogenic to humans. Therefore, the question arises whether...
Many animals change feeding habits as they progress through life stages, exploiting resources that vary in space and time. However, complex life histories may bring new risks if rapid environmental change disrupts the timing of these switches. Here, we use abundance times series for a diverse group of herbivorous insects, aphids, to search for trait and environmental characteristics associated with declines. Our meta dataset s...
Auditory neural impairment is a key clinical feature of Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA). We aimed to characterize the phenotypical spectrum of the auditory impairment in FRDA in order to facilitate early identification and timely management of auditory impairment in FRDA patients and to explore the relationship between the severity of auditory impairment with genetic variables (the expansion size of GAA trinucleotide repeats, GAA1...
Contribution to the ongoing discussion on fluoride toxicityNARA Subscribed
Since the addition of fluoride to drinking water in the 1940s, there have been frequent and sometimes heated discussions regarding its benefits and risks. In a recently published review, we addressed the question if current exposure levels in Europe represent a risk to human health. This review was discussed in an editorial asking why we did not calculate benchmark doses (BMD) of fluoride neurotoxicity for humans. Here, we add...