Coral reefs receive both passive and active nutrient subsidies, supplied via oceanographic processes and animal-mediated transfer, which can bolster reef productivity and resilience to disturbance. We examined the relative importance of these two pathways across lagoonal and seaward reefs, reefs of different depths, and those around islands either with or without breeding seabird colonies using carbon and nitrogen stable isoto...

Current approaches for the assessment of environmental and human health risks due to exposure to chemical substances have served their purpose reasonably well. Nevertheless, the systems in place for different uses of chemicals are faced with various challenges, ranging from a growing number of chemicals to changes in the types of chemicals and materials produced. This has triggered global awareness of the need for a paradigm s...