Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a diverse class of persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitously detected across water and soil environments, posing serious ecological and human health risks. PFAS compositions vary by environmental matrices. Long-chain compounds dominate groundwater, short-chain forms are common in stormwater, mixed PFAS appear in surface waters, and landfill leachates show the highe...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement aga...

The ocean provides food, economic activity, and cultural value for a large proportion of humanity. Our knowledge of marine ecosystems lags behind that of terrestrial ecosystems, limiting effective protection of marine resources. We describe the outcome of 2 workshops in 2011 and 2012 to establish a list of important questions, which, if answered, would substantially improve our ability to conserve and manage the world's marine...