This study uses high-resolution numerical modelling to quantify the impact of tidal forcing on water and salt transport through the Strait of Hormuz (SOH) and its influence on salinity distribution in the Persian Gulf (PG). By resolving high-frequency dynamics, we evaluate exchange flow rates under both tidal and nontidal conditions. Two key findings emerge: (1) Tides significantly enhance mixing within the strait, increasing...

Bathymetric evolution in coastal environments is driven by complex interactions between hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphodynamics. Traditional morphodynamic models often face challenges in capturing these dynamics, particularly in regions like the Wadden Sea, where the feedback mechanisms between physical processes and seabed changes are highly intricate. In this study, we explore the potential of deep learning tec...

The paper presents the reconstruction of sea levels in the North Sea and Baltic Sea using Kalman filter approach. Based on the statistical characteristics of one year of daily maps of sea level from the Geesthacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST) and daily data at tide gauges along the coastline of two basins, the method can reconstruct effectively and accurately the multidecadal sea level anomalies. The high accuracy reconstruct...

The study analyzes the impact of various wave-induced processes on relative dispersion and diffusivities in the North Sea using OpenDrift, a Lagrangian particle-drift model driven by a fully coupled NEMO-WAM model. The coupled model parameterizations include sea state-dependent momentum flux, energy flux, and wave-induced mixing. The study demonstrates that Eulerian currents, influenced by the interaction between the ocean and...

The bidirectional mass exchange between the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea provides one part of the critical hydrodynamic links between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we examined exchange in the Dardanelles based on a 3-D numerical model simulation covering an 11-year period under realistic atmospheric forcing. The model includes the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea, and a part of the Aegean Sea to include t...

This study presents a comparison of forcings between density gradient and tides in idealized funnel-shaped salt-plug estuaries. Three-dimensional numerical model results also examine longitudinal and lateral circulations. In salt-plug estuaries, a positive longitudinal estuarine circulation is observed landward of a salinity maximum zone or salt plug. Seaward of the salt plug, the estuary shows an inverse circulation cell. The...

The secondary circulation in a predominantly well-mixed estuarine tidal inlet is examined with three-dimensional numerical simulations of the currents and density field in the German Bight. Simulations analyze two complete neap and spring tidal cycles, inspired by cross-section measurements in the tidal inlet, with a focus on subtidal time scales. The study scrutinizes the lateral momentum balance and quantifies the individual...

The issue of marine plastic pollution has been extensively studied by various scientific disciplines in recent decades due to its global threat. However, owing to its complexity, it requires an interdisciplinary approach to develop effective management strategies. The multidisciplinary scientific approach presented here focuses on understanding the sources and pathways of macroplastic litter and developing abatement strategies...

With ongoing manmade climate change, it is important to understand its impact on regional ecosystems. Furthermore, it is known that the North Sea light climate is subject to ongoing change. The combined effects of climate change and coastal darkening are investigated in this work. We used a three-dimensional ecosystem model, forced with data from a climate model, to project three plausible biogeochemical states for the years 2...

The Elbe estuary is a substantially engineered tidal water body that receives high loads of organic matter from the eutrophied Elbe river. The organic matter entering the estuary at the tidal weir is dominated by diatom populations that collapse in the deepened freshwater reach. Although the estuary’s freshwater reach is considered to manifest vertically homogenous density distribution (i.e., to be well-mixed), several indicat...

The hydrodynamic response to morphodynamic variability in the coastal areas of the German Bight was analyzed via numerical experiments using time-referenced bathymetric data for the period 1982–2012. Time-slice experiments were conducted for each year with the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM). This unstructured-grid model resolves small-scale bathymetric features in the coastal zone, whic...

The dynamics of the European northwest shelf (ENWS), the surrounding deep ocean, and the continental slope between them are analysed in a framework of numerical simulations using Lagrangian methods. Several sensitivity experiments are carried out in which (1) the tides are switched off, (2) the wind forcing is low-pass filtered, and (3) the wind forcing is switched off. To measure accumulation of neutrally buoyant particles, a...